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Charles XIV John of Sweden
Charles XIV & III John, also Carl John, Swedish and Norwegian: ''Karl Johan'' (26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden (as ''Charles XIV John'') and King of Norway (as ''Charles III John'') from 1818 until his death and served as ''de facto'' regent and head of state from 1810 to 1818. When he became Swedish royalty, he had also been the Sovereign Prince of Pontecorvo in Central-Southern Italy from 1806 until 1810 (title established on June 5, 1806 by Napoleon), but then stopped using that title.
He was born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte〔Ulf Ivar Nilsson in ''Allt vi trodde vi visste men som faktiskt är FEL FEL FEL!'', Bokförlaget Semic 2007 ISBN 978-91-552-3572-7 p 40〕 and subsequently had acquired the full name of ''Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte'' by the time ''Carl'' also was added upon his Swedish adoption in 1810. He did not use ''Bernadotte'' in Sweden but founded the royal dynasty there by that name.
French by birth, Bernadotte served a long career in the French Army. He was appointed as a Marshal of France by Napoleon I, though the two had a turbulent relationship. His service to France ended in 1810, when he was elected the heir-presumptive to the Swedish throne because the Swedish royal family was dying out with King Charles XIII. Baron Carl Otto Mörner (22 May 1781 – 17 August 1868), a Swedish courtier and obscure member of the Riksdag of the Estates, advocated for the succession.
==Early life and family==
Bernadotte was born in Pau, France, as the son of Jean Henri Bernadotte (Pau, Béarn, 14 October 1711 – Pau, 31 March 1780), prosecutor at Pau, and wife (married at Boeil, 20 February 1754) Jeanne de Saint-Jean (Pau, 1 April 1728 – Pau, 8 January 1809), niece of the Lay Abbot of Sireix. The family name was originally ''du Poey'' (or ''de Pouey''), but was changed to Bernadotte – a surname of an ancestress – at the beginning of the 17th century. Bernadotte himself added ''Jules'' to his first names later.
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